Human and Technological Infrastructures of Fact-checking

Increasing demands for fact-checking have led to a growing interest in developing systems and tools automate the process. However, such are limited practice because their system design often does not take into account how is done real world ignores insights needs of various stakeholder groups core This paper unpacks process by revealing infrastructures---both human technological---that support shape work. We interviewed 26 participants belonging 16 teams organizations with representation from 4 continents. Through these interviews, we describe infrastructure identifying presenting, in-depth, roles six primary groups, 1) Editors, 2) External fact-checkers, 3) In-house 4) Investigators researchers, 5) Social media managers, 6) Advocators. Our findings highlight that collaborative effort among associated technological informational infrastructures. By rendering visibility infrastructures, reveal has evolved include both short-term claims centric long-term advocacy fact-checking. work also identifies key social technical challenges faced each group. Based on our findings, suggest improving quality requires systematic changes civic, informational, contexts.